Favorite Links
Other Links
- Adverse reactions -- GI thinks anthrax vaccine
is responsible for illness (Fayetteville (NC) Observer),
13 Feb 2000
- Adverse reactions -- May 1999 briefing at Ft
Detrick (MD) by Dr. (Col)
Renate Engler, Chief Immunology, Walter Reed Army Medical
Center
- Adverse reactions -- testimony of Lt. Rovet of
Dover AFB, 21 Jul 1999
- Adverse reactions -- Journal of the American
Medical Assoc article, Mar 1999
- Air Force Sergeants Association -- letter to
Congress, 22 Oct 1999 -- "If
Congress and the administration are not willing to
undergo these shots...morality would dictate that the
program should immediately stop for servicemembers."
- Alibek, Dr. Ken -- interview with former deputy
director of the Soviet bioweapons program, Jul 1999
- American Public Health Association -- Nov 1999
Policy Statements (see #9930 on
DoD anthrax vaccine policy)
- Aboutanthrax.org
website -- About the DoD
anthrax program
- Aviation Medicine -- anthrax vaccine website
- Biological warfare, Internet resources -- Center
for Non-Proliferation Studies
- Bioport
Corporation website (includes
CEO bio of Fuad El-Hibri)
- Bioport -- ethics investigation report by State
of Michigan legislature on buyout
- Bioport, finances -- "Why Bioport Got a
Shot in the Arm" (Insight Magazine) -- Allegations of ethical misconduct surround
the start-up company that has become a multimillion-dollar
supplier of anthrax vaccine to the Pentagon.
- Burrow, Dr. Gerard -- "review" letter
to USD Rudy DeLeon, 19 Feb 1998
- Burrow, Dr. Gerard -- admits to Congress "no
expertise in anthrax", 26 Apr 1999 (NOTE: DoD has never informed servicemembers of
this admission by their "expert")
- Burrow, Dr. Gerard -- biography --Yale University gynecologist who was SecDef
Cohen's "expert" on anthrax
vaccine
- Center for Defense Information -- "Voting
With Their Feet", by D.
Smith (Col, USA, ret.), 12 Oct 2000 -- "...common
sense suggests that now is an opportunity to step back
and reassess the program."
- Center for Defense Information, 9 Mar 2000 --
"The Billions For "Defense" Jeopardize Our Safety", Oscar Lurie --
"If homeland defense is so important, we should be
spending more money on this than on forces overseas."
- Civil-military
affairs -- "America's Postmodern Military", by Don M. Snider (World Policy Journal, Spring
2000) -- "...the professionalism of the military has
declined since the end of the Gulf War, and markedly so...
- Clinton,
vaccine policy -- "Germ Defense Plan in Peril as Its
Flaws Are Revealed", 7 Aug 1998 (New York Times) -- "...today the multi-million-dollar plan
is in jeopardy, a victim in part of the haste in which
the decision was reached."
- Clinton,
legacy -- "Describes Terrorism Threat for 21st
Century", 22 Jan 2000 (New York Times) -- "Clinton said he hoped that a major
legacy of his Presidency would be to stave off
unconventional attacks..."
- Clinton, medical mistakes, comments on, 22 Feb
2000 -- "it's even about
more than saving lives because it's about the toll in
lost trust in the health care system..."
- Cohen, William S. (SecDef) -- "The Man Who
Never Was", by William Arkin (Washington Post Dot.Mil) -- "...these problems are Bill Cohen's
making: He is the worst secretary of defense ever...Cohen's
pet program is a shambles, a panicked, reactive,
Hollywood-based mess..."
- Cohen,
William S. (SecDef) -- "Cohen Denies 'Whitewash' in
Tripp Files Case", by
Christine Gardner (Reuters) -- ``I don't intend to fire
him,'' Cohen said of Bacon, who as assistant defense
secretary for public affairs...
- Congress -- House Government Reform Committee (Shays)
Report -- The Department of
Defense Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program: UNPROVEN
FORCE PROTECTION, 17 Feb 2000 (full report in PDF format)
- Crowe, Admiral William -- ABC News report on
Bioport ownership stake
- Defense,
biowarfare -- "The next big thing is small: Machines
the size of molecules are creating the next industrial
revolution", by Phillip J. Longman (U.S. News), 3
Jul 2000
- Defense,
Biowarfare -- Non-Toxic Foam that Neutralizes Biological
and Chemical Weapons, Arthur D.
Little, Inc. (PRI News), 29 Jun 2000
- DoD -- press service, 11 Jun 2001 -- DoD Slows Anthrax Vaccination Program
Again, By Jim Garamone (DoD American Forces Press Service)
-- "Effective
immediately only service members assigned to "special
mission units" will
receive the six-shot series."
- DoD -- press briefing, 31 Jul 1997 -- Cohen and Shalikashvili fire USAF BGen
Schwalier, define commanders' "accountability"
for force protection
- DoD -- Press briefing, 15 Dec 1997 -- anthrax vaccine policy announced
- DoD -- Press briefing, 14 Aug 1998 -- ASD/HA Sue Bailey defends policy
- DoD -- Press briefing, 22 May 1998 -- "...information on military medical force
protection programs and the role of the Department in
integrating National Guard and Reserve forces into our
response to incidents involving potential terrorist use
of weapons of mass destruction."
- DoD -- Press release, 19 Jan 2001 -- Cohen exonerates crew of USS Cole, asserts
Khobar Towers bombing was "much different".
- DoD -- Press release, 30 Nov 2000 -- Further
Slows Anthrax Vaccination Effort (DoD Press Service)
- DoD -- Press briefing, 17 Feb 2000 -- DoD officials respond to House Govt Reform
Cmte report criticizing anthrax vaccine
- DoD -- Press release, 10 Mar 1999 -- Cohen says he would be derelict for not
ordering vaccine
- DoD -- Press briefing, 5 Aug 1999 -- tripling price paid to Bioport
- DoD -- Press briefing, 13 Dec 1999 -- acknowledging Bioport failed another FDA
inspection
- DoD -- Press briefing, 15 Dec 1999 -- Cohen visits Dover AFB, claims policy is
"working well"
- DoD -- Press release, 22 May 1998 -- "Cohen explained that, "I have
approved implementation of the Anthrax Vaccination
Program for the total force. This is an efficient,
effective and safe way to protect our forces against an
emerging threat."
- DoD
anthrax vaccine website (NOTE:
DoD does not provide military personnel access to
websites opposed to the anthrax vaccine on ANY of their
websites. We do, because, unlike DoD, MajorBates.com is
not afraid of the truth.
- DoD -- Press story --
on Clinton's PDD-63 announcement at the US Naval Academy
on 22 May 1998 -- "President Clinton announced plans
May 22 to help defend the United States from attacks by
enemies using weapons of mass destruction...As part of
this initiative, Clinton announced plans May 22 to
inoculate all service members against anthrax."
- Efficacy -- Anthrax: Deadlier than Ever? by
Emily E. Skor, Center for Defense Information, 5 Feb 1998 -- report on Los Alamos Research on genetically
altered anthrax
- Ethical And Legal Foundations For The National
Institutes of Health's Policies And Procedures for Human
Research
- Executive Order 13139, 30 Sep 1999 -- President Clinton waives right of informed
consent for military servicemembers
- Experimentation -- 70-year history of US
government experimentation on American citizens (www.healthnews.net)
- Family Research Council -- policy paper on DoD
anthrax vaccine policy
- FDA -- inspection report of anthrax vaccine
plant (MBPI), 31 Aug 1995
- FDA -- inspection report of anthrax vaccine
plant (Bioport), 23 Nov 1999 --
"The manufacturing process for the production of
Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed is not validated..."
- FDA -- Warns Michigan Biologic Products
Institute of Intention to Revoke Licenses
- FDA -- inspection report of anthrax vaccine
plant (MBPI), 11 Mar 1997
- FDA -- inspection report of anthrax vaccine
plant (MBPI), 20 Feb 1998
- FDA -- reply to Rep Burton, et. al. Letter of 3
Nov 1999
- GAO, related report -- Combating Terrorism:
Chemical and Biological Medical Supplies Are Poorly
Managed, GAO/T-HEHS/AIMD-00-59, 8 Mar 2000 -- "To ensure that the stockpiles would be
better managed, we made several recommendations aimed at
the root cause of these problems—the fundamental
lack of internal control." (PDF format)
- General
Accounting Office -- reports to Congress on anthrax
vaccine policy
- Gilmore Commission, Interim Report, Dec 1999 -- Congressional Panel to Assess Domestic
Response Capabilities for Terrorism
- Gulf War Illness, linked to vaccines -- "Prevalence and Patterns of Gulf War
Illness in Kansas Veterans: Association of Symptoms with
Characteristics of Person, Place, and Time of Military
Service", by Lea Steele, American Journal of
Epidemiology Vol. 152, No. 10 : 992-1002
- Hartford Courant -- anthology of anthrax vaccine
stories
- Hype -- see Threat (below)
- Indemnification letter to PRI, Inc (DynCorp)
from SecArmy M.P.W. Stone, 3 Sep 1991
- Indemnification letter to Bioport from SecArmy
Louis Caldera, 3 Sep 1998
- Information warfare -- between DoD and those
opposed to anthrax policy (Wash Post), 27 Sep 99
- Informed consent -- basis in Nuremberg Code
- Informed consent -- 1997 RAND study on interim
rules prior to EO 13139
- Informed consent -- right to waived by President
Clinton, EO 13139, 30 Sep 1999
- Informed consent, servicemembers' right to and
waiver of -- testimony of Charles R. McCarthy, Ph.D.,
Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown, University -- "...Leaving the decision to the
President does not, therefore constitute a strong
safeguard."
- Institutes of Medicine -- "An Assessment of
the Safety of the Anthrax Vaccine", 30 Mar 2000 "There is a paucity of published peer-reviewed
literature on the safety of the anthrax vaccine..."
- Institute of Medicine -- Study on The Safety and
Efficacy of Anthrax Vaccine for the U.S. Military
- Integrity -- CSIS study on US Military Culture,
Jan 2000 -- Executive summary
("only slightly more than a third of the [12,000]
service members surveyed agreed with the statement "when
my service's senior leaders say something, you can
believe it is true")
- Internet, DoD information warfare on, "Warring
on the Web" by William Arkin (Washington Post) -- "What Pentagon security types miss in
their war against the Web is that the Internet and
unprecedented openness of information is also the primary
reasons for America's unchallenged strength and vitality
in the post-Cold War world."
- Internet,
websites -- USAF chief Judge Advocate General letter to
all Air Force defense counsel and judges, 18 May 1999 -- prejudicial "undue command influence"
-- pressures defense counsel and judges to "educate"
their clients using government websites
- Joseph,
Dr. Stephen -- as Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Health Affairs, letter to Lead Deputy (Acting)
Commissioner of the FDA, 4 Mar 1997 -- "DOD has long interpreted the scope of
the license to include inhalation exposure..."
- Law, federal -- 10 USC 980 -- Limitation on use
of DoD funds for use of humans as experimental subjects
- Law, federal-- 10 USC 1107-- Notice of use of an
investigational new drug or a drug unapproved for its
applied use -- legal
requirement for servicemembers to be given voluntary
informed consent or for the SecDef to obtain a
Presidential waiver before DoD may use an investigational
new drug
- Law, federal -- 50 USC 1520a -- Restrictions on
use of human subjects for testing of chemical or
biological agents
- Law, military --
USAF chief Judge Advocate General letter to all Air Force
defense counsel and judges, 18 May 1999 -- prejudicial "undue command influence"
-- pressures defense counsel and judges to "educate"
their clients using government websites
- Legislation -- HR 2543
- Legislation -- HR 2548
- Legislation -- HR 3460
- Mitchell, BGen Billy -- biography -- USAF general court-martialed in 1926 for
telling the truth
- Nuremberg Code -- requirements for informed
consent
- Oliver, David -- Deputy Under Secretary of
Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (anthrax
procurement)
- Presidential Review Directive 5 (PRD-5), Aug
1998 -- "Planning for
Health Preparedness for and Readjustment of the Military,
Veterans, and Their Families after Future Deployments"
(White House policy directive)
- Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63), 22
May 1998 -- Clinton
Administration's Policy on Critical Infrastructure
Protection
- Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63), 22
May 1998 -- Remarks by
President Clinton at the US Naval Academy announcing PDD-63
-- "...we will inoculate all our Armed Forces,
active duty and reserves, against deadly anthrax bacteria."
- Protecting Our Guardians website (spouses of
Alabama National Guard)
- Salon Magazine -- "Guinea Pigs?", May
1999 -- "Our troops are
being vaccinated against anthrax, but are the shots a
dangerous waste of money?"
- Salon Magazine, "A cure worse than the
disease?" , By Arthur
Allen, 27 Oct 2000 -- "In hindsight, the anthrax
vaccine seems to have been an unwise choice with which to
launch a biological warfare defense program..."
- Senate Report 103-97, Dec 1994 -- "Is Military Research Hazardous To
Veterans' Health? Lessons Spanning Half A Century"
- Shays, Rep Christopher (R-CT) -- House
Government Reform Committee (Shays) Report -- The Department of Defense Anthrax Vaccine
Immunization Program: UNPROVEN FORCE PROTECTION, 17 Feb
2000 (full report in PDF format)
- Squalene, possible link to anthrax vaccine --
GAO Calls for Squalene Tests (Insight Magazine) -- Although the Defense Department denied
having a role in the presence of the adjuvant squalene in
the bloodstreams of gulf-war veterans, a GAO report
raises questions about that.
- Threat -- 5
Feb 2001 -- Making Chemical [and Bio] Weapons Is No Easy
Task - Combating Such an Attack
Would Prove Equally Difficult, By Vernon Loeb (Washington
Post) -- "if the past is any predictor of the
future, terrorist incidents involving chemical and
biological substances will continue to be small in scale
and far less harmful than conventional terrorist attacks."
- Threat --" The Great Superterrorism Scare"
- Foreign Policy, Fall 1998
- Threat
-- "Clouded By A Fear Of Bioterrorism", by
Steve Goldstein, (Philadelphia Inquirer), 14 Nov 1999 -- Terrorism is now a growth
industry. The possibility of a chemical or bioterrorism
attack is increasingly defined as "not if but when."
- Threat -- "Bioterrorism: America's Newest
War Game" - The Nation, Nov 1998
- Threat -- "A Realistic View of Terrorism?",
Jan 2000 (CBS News) -- "Do
you know how many people have died in chemical or
biological terrorist attacks in America in the last 100
years? The answer is one."
- Threat -- "An Unlikely Threat",
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Jul/Aug 99 -- "The tendency of U.S. government
officials to exaggerate the threat of chemical and
biological terrorism has been reinforced by sensational
reporting in the press..."
- Threat -- "Ataxia: The Chemical and Biological Terrorism
Threat and the US Response",
by Amy Smithson, The Henry L. Stimson Center, Oct 2000
- Threat --
Experts Assess Risk of 'New Terrorism' Threat (LA Times),
7 Feb 00
- Threat -- Gilmore Commission, Interim Report,
Dec 1999 -- Congressional Panel
to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism
- Threat --
Rethinking Bio-Chemical Dangers by Henry Sokolski, FPRI/Orbis,
Spring '00 -- "...since
1900 there have only been seventy-one known terrorist
acts worldwide involving the use of chemical or
biological agents. Of the 123 fatalities these attacks
caused, only one was American."
- Threat, lack of past use of biological warfare
agents -- Center for Non-Proliferation Studies
- Threat, countries that possess biological and
chemical warfare agents -- Center for Non-Proliferation
Studies
- Threat
-- "Threat of 'Rogue' States: Is It Reality or
Rhetoric?", by Steven Mufson, (Washington Post) -- "...U.S. officials could just as easily
call Libya, Pakistan or India rogue states, and that the
United States appropriately pursues different policies
toward different so-called rogues, Vedrine suggested the
label was simply a rhetorical tool."
- Vaccines -- House Govt Reform Cmte hearing, 3
Aug 1999
- Vaccine, efficacy -- Anthrax: Deadlier than
Ever? by Emily E. Skor, Center for Defense Information, 5
Feb 1998 -- report on Los
Alamos Research on genetically altered anthrax
- Vaccine, linked to Gulf War Illness -- "Prevalence and Patterns of Gulf War
Illness in Kansas Veterans: Association of Symptoms with
Characteristics of Person, Place, and Time of Military
Service", by Lea Steele, American Journal of
Epidemiology Vol. 152, No. 10 : 992-1002
< - VAERS -- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database -- open webpage and select "anthrax
vaccine" from the menu, then click on "Search
the database"
